@article{Borresen_Wolfe_Lin_Tian_Raghuraman_Nahrstedt_Prabhakaran_Annaswamy_2019, title={Usability of an Immersive Augmented Reality Based Telerehabilitation System with Haptics (ARTESH) for Synchronous Remote Musculoskeletal Examination}, volume={11}, url={http://telerehab.pitt.edu/ojs/Telerehab/article/view/6275}, DOI={10.5195/ijt.2019.6275}, abstractNote={<p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">This study describes the features and utility of a novel augmented reality based telemedicine system with haptics that allows the sense of touch and direct physical examination during a synchronous immersive telemedicine consultation and physical examination. The system employs novel engineering features: (a) a new force enhancement algorithm to improve force rendering and overcoming the “just-noticeable-difference” limitation; (b) an improved force compensation method to reduce the delay in force rendering; (c) use of the “haptic interface point” to reduce disparity between the visual and haptic data; and (d) implementation of efficient algorithms to process, compress, decompress, transmit and render 3-D tele-immersion data. A qualitative pilot study (n=20) evaluated the usability of the system. Users rated the system on a 26-question survey using a seven-point Likert scale, with percent agreement calculated from the total users who agreed with a given statement. Survey questions fell into three main categories: (1) ease and simplicity of use, (2) quality of experience, and (3) comparison to in-person evaluation. Average percent agreements between the telemedicine and in-person evaluation were highest for ease and simplicity of use (86%) and quality of experience (85%), followed by comparison to in-person evaluation (58%). Eighty-nine percent (89%) of respondents expressed satisfaction with the overall quality of experience. Results suggest that the system was effective at conveying audio-visual and touch data in real-time across 20.3 miles, and warrants further development.</span></p><p><strong><em><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"> </span></em></strong></p>}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Telerehabilitation}, author={Borresen, Aleks and Wolfe, Cody and Lin, Chung-Kuang and Tian, Yuan and Raghuraman, Suraj and Nahrstedt, Klara and Prabhakaran, Balakrishnan and Annaswamy, Thiru}, year={2019}, month={Jun.}, pages={23–32} }